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Abstract Details
Hepatitis B virus-infection related cryoglobulinemic vasculitis. Clinical manifestations and the effect of antiviral therapy: A review of the literature
Front Oncol. 2023 Feb 7;13:1095780. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1095780.eCollection 2023.
1Clinical and Experimental Onco-Haematology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy.
2Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
3Centro Manifestazioni Sistemiche da Virus Epatitici, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy.
4Rheumatology Clinic, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.
5Department of Internal Medicine, Saronno General Hospital, Saronno, Italy.
6Rheumatology Unit, Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Transplant Surgery, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine Relevance, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
7Department of Rheumatology, Niguarda Hospital, Milano, Italy.
8Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, Liver Unit, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy.
Abstract
Objective: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection causes chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Furthermore, about 20% of the patients develop extrahepatic manifestations such as cryoglobulinemic vasculitis (CV), polyarteritis nodosa, non-rheumatoid arthritis, glomerulonephritis and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. This review analyzed literature data on clinical manifestations of HBV-related CV and the impact of antiviral therapy with analoques nucleotide.
Methods: A PubMed search was performed to select eligible studies in the literature, up to July 2022.
Results: Some studies have analyzed clinical manifestations in HBV-related CV and have investigated the role of antiviral therapy with nucleotides analogues (NAs). Clinical manifestations of CV vary from mild to moderate (purpura, asthenia and arthralgias) to severe (leg ulcers, peripheral neuropathy, glomerulonephritis, and non-Hodking lymphoma). NAs therapy leads to suppression of HBV-DNA; therefore, it is capable of producing clinical response in the majority of patients with mild to moderate symptoms.
Conclusion: Antiviral therapy with NAs is the first choice for HBV suppression and control of mild to moderate disease. In severe vasculitis (glomerulonephritis, progressive peripheral neuropathy and leg ulcers), rituximab alone or with plasma-exchange is always indicated in combination with antiviral therapy.
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