Author information

• ¹Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
• ²Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
• ³Department of Chemistry, Oak Crest Institute of Science, Monrovia, California, USA.

Abstract

There are an estimated 257 million persons living with chronic hepatitis B for whom there are multiple potential applications of long-acting antiviral compounds. Current efforts include both injection and implant approaches to formulating derivates of existing anti-HBV compounds such as tenofovir or entecavir. Substantial progress has already occurred especially as aligned with the development of long-acting tenofovir-based medications with dual activity against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV). Nonetheless, substantial challenges will need to be overcome before these agents are available.