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Abstract Details
Ammonia and the Muscle: An Emerging Point of View on Hepatic Encephalopathy
Clin Med. 2022 Jan 26;11(3):611. doi: 10.3390/jcm11030611.
1Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Centre for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Portal Hypertension, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
Abstract
In the last years the link between the presence of muscular alterations and hepatic encephalopathy (HE), both minimal and overt, has been deeply studied. The pathophysiological background supporting the relationship between muscle depletion, and HE is characterized by an imbalance between the capacity of muscle in ammonia metabolism and trafficking and the inability of the liver in removing ammonia through urea synthesis due to liver failure and/or the presence of porto-systemic shunts. This review will focus on the clinical burden, the physio pathological mechanisms understanding the liver muscle axis and principles of management of muscular alterations in cirrhosis.