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The Growing Burden of Overt Hepatic Encephalopathy   CME Webcast
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Choice of Maintenance Therapy Impacts Costs and Survival for Patients with Overt Hepatic Encephalopathy   CME Webcast
Is Cognitive Impairment Following Overt Hepatic Encephalopathy Completely Reversible?   CME Webcast
Treatment of Overt Hepatic Encephalopathy: Focus on Outpatient Management   CME Webcast
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Case Study: Complications of Cirrhosis   Educational Webcast
Clinical Advances in the Management of Cirrhotics Update   CME Webcast
Managing the Complications of Cirrhosis: Focus on Hepatic Encephalopathy   CME Webcast
The Stability of Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy Diagnosis is Significantly Improved with the Addition of the Inhibitory Control Test to a Standard Psychometric Battery   Educational Webcast
A Comparison of Driving Performance Among Cirrhotic Patients with or without Prior Hepatic Encephalopathy and Healthy Controls   Educational Webcast
MELD Based Comparison of Hospitilizations from Hepatic Encephalopathy in Paitients with Advanced Liver Disease on Rifaximin and Lactulose Combination Therapy   Educational Webcast
Update on the Management of Hepatic Encephalopathy   Educational Webcast
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  Jointly sponsored by Purdue University College of Pharmacy and the Chronic Liver Disease Foundation. This educational material was supported by a grant from Salix Pharmaceuticals.  
     
 
 
Neurocognitive Deficits Associated With Overt Hepatic Encephalopathy May Not Be Completely Reversible
 
Target Audience
This activity has been designed to meet the educational needs of hepatologists, gastroenterologists, physician assistants, and nurse practitioners involved in the care of patients with chronic liver disease.
 
Statement of Need/Program Overview
To provide important clinical data on issues related to the management of hepatic encephalopathy.
 
Educational Objectives
Upon completion of this activity, participants should be better able to:
• Review data suggesting that there is persistent neurocognitive impairment and learning impairment following apparent recovery from an overt hepatic encephalopathy episode
• Recognize that neurocognitive impairment may be cumulative following multiple overt hepatic encephalopathy episodes
• Recognize that neurocognitive impairment following apparent recovery from an overt hepatic encephalopathy episode may persist following liver transplant
• Describe rationale for primary prophylactic therapy for patients with covert hepatic encephalopathy and secondary prophylactic therapy for patients following an overt hepatic encephalopathy episode with lactulose, rifaximin, or a combination lactulose and rifaximin
 
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Hepatic Encephalopathy Update: Reports From ACG 2012 and The Liver Meeting 2012   Educational eNewsletter
Hepatic Encephalopathy Update: Prophylactic Therapy to Prevent Hepatic Encephalopathy   Educational eNewsletter
Hepatic Encephalopathy Update: Reports from the 2012 International Liver Conference   Educational eNewsletter
Clinical Judgments in the Management of HE & HCV   Educational eNewsletter
The Multidimensional Burden of Hepatic Encephalopathy   Educational eNewsletter
2012 EASL HE Posters   Educational ePosters
Hepatic Encephalopathy Update: Reports From the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases Annual Meeting, 2011   Educational eNewsletter
Hepatic Encephalopathy Update: Reports from Digestive Disease Week 2011   Educational eNewsletter
Hepatic Encephalopathy Update: Reports From the 2011 European Association for the Study of the Liver Conference   Educational eNewsletter
2011 EASL HE Posters   Educational ePosters
Moving Ahead: Advances in Hepatic Encephalopathy Awareness, Diagnosis, and Management   Educational eNewsletter
 
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Logo Jointly sponsored by Purdue University School of Pharmacy and the Chronic Liver Disease Foundation
This activity supported by: Salix Pharmaceuticals
   
 
Slide Library
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Clinical Advances in the Management of Cirrhotics
 
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The Clinical Implications of Managing Cirrhotics
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Abstract Library
  1. Update on the management of cirrhosis - focus on cost-effective preventative strategies
    Neff GW, Kemmer N, Duncan C, Alsina A. Clinicoecon Outcomes Res. 2013 Apr 12;5:143-52. doi: 10.2147/CEOR.S30675. Print 2013.


  2. Use of ImPACT to Diagnose Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy: An Accurate, Practical, User-Friendly Internet-Based Neuropsychological Test Battery
    Tsushima M, Tsushima W, Tsushima V, Lim N, Madrigal E, Jackson C, Mendler MH. Dig Dis Sci. 2013 Apr 27. [Epub ahead of print]


  3. Cognitive assessment of patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy in Brazil
    Torres DS, Abrantes J, Brandão-Mello CE. Metab Brain Dis. 2013 Apr 28. [Epub ahead of print]


  4. Clinical impact of arterial ammonia levels in ICU patients with different liver diseases
    Drolz A, Jäger B, Wewalka M, Saxa R, Horvatits T, Roedl K, Perkmann T, Zauner C, Kramer L, Ferenci P, Fuhrmann V. Intensive Care Med. 2013 May 1. [Epub ahead of print]


  5. Correlation between serum magnesium levels and hepatic encephalopathy in immediate post liver transplantation period
    Lopes PJ, Mei MF, Guardia AC, Stucchi RS, Udo EY, Warwar MI, Boin IF. Transplant Proc. 2013 Apr;45(3):1122-5. doi: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2013.02.011.


  6. Impaired brain activity in cirrhotic patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy: evaluation by near infrared spectroscopy
    Nakanishi H, Kurosaki M, Nakanishi K, Tsuchiya K, Noda T, Tamaki N, Yasui Y, Hosokawa T, Ueda K, Itakura J, Anami K, Asahina Y, Enomoto N, Higuchi T, Izumi N. Hepatol Res. 2013 Apr 5. doi: 10.1111/hepr.12127. [Epub ahead of print]


  7. GABAergic transmission in hepatic encephalopathy
    Sergeeva OA. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2013 Apr 23. pii: S0003-9861(13)00118-5. doi: 10.1016/j.abb.2013.04.005. [Epub ahead of print]


  8. Inflammation and Hepatic Encephalopathy
    Coltart I, Tranah TH, Shawcross DL. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2013 Apr 10. pii: S0003-9861(13)00105-7. doi: 10.1016/j.abb.2013.03.016. [Epub ahead of print]


  9. Cognitive functions in patients with liver cirrhosis: A tendency to commit more memory errors
    Cie?ko-Michalska I, Wójcik J, Senderecka M, Wyczesany M, Binder M, Szewczyk J, Dziedzic T, S?owik A, Mach T. Med Sci Monit. 2013 Apr 19;19:283-288.


  10. Correlation between degree and quality of sleep disturbance and the level of neuropsychiatric impairment in patients with liver cirrhosis
    Samanta J, Dhiman RK, Khatri A, Thumburu KK, Grover S, Duseja A, Chawla Y. Metab Brain Dis. 2013 Mar 15. [Epub ahead of print]


  11. Increased risk of cognitive impairment in cirrhotic patients with bacterial infections
    Merli M, Lucidi C, Pentassuglio I, Giannelli V, Giusto M, Gregorio VD, Pasquale C, Nardelli S, Lattanzi B, Venditti M, Riggio O. J Hepatol. 2013 Mar 21. pii: S0168-8278(13)00190-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2013.03.012. [Epub ahead of print]


  12. Hepatic encephalopathy associated with cancer or anticancer therapy
    Willson KJ, Nott LM, Broadbridge VT, Price T. Gastrointest Cancer Res. 2013 Jan;6(1):11-6.


  13. Update on cerebral uptake of blood ammonia
    Sørensen M. Metab Brain Dis. 2013 Mar 13. [Epub ahead of print]


  14. Altered Mental Status in Cirrhosis: Etiologies and Outcomes
    Rahimi RS, Elliott AC, Rockey DC. J Investig Med. 2013 Mar 7. [Epub ahead of print]


  15. Gut microbiota and hepatic encephalopathy
    Dhiman RK. Metab Brain Dis. 2013 Mar 6. [Epub ahead of print]


  16. Lactulose Is Highly Potential in Prophylaxis of Hepatic Encephalopathy in Patients with Cirrhosis and Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding: Results of a Controlled Randomized Trial
    Wen J, Liu Q, Song J, Tong M, Peng L, Liang H. Digestion. 2013 Mar 6;87(2):132-138. [Epub ahead of print]


  17. Neurotransmitter receptor alterations in hepatic encephalopathy: A review
    Palomero-Gallagher N, Zilles K. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2013 Mar 1. pii: S0003-9861(13)00061-1. doi: 10.1016/j.abb.2013.02.010. [Epub ahead of print]


  18. End-stage liver disease complications
    Rahimi RS, Rockey DC. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2013 Feb 19. [Epub ahead of print]


  19. The effect of infections on the mortality of cirrhotic patients with hepatic encephalopathy
    Hung TH, Lay CJ, Chang CM, Tsai JJ, Tsai CC, Tsai CC. Epidemiol Infect. 2013 Feb 22:1-8. [Epub ahead of print]


  20. Effect of obstructive sleep apnea on the sleep architecture in cirrhosis
    Kappus MR, Leszczyszyn DJ, Moses L, Raman S, Heuman DM, Bajaj JS. J Clin Sleep Med. 2013 Mar 15;9(3):247-51. doi: 10.5664/jcsm.2488.


  21. Gastric Varices and Hepatic Encephalopathy: Treatment with Vascular Plug and Gelatin Sponge-assisted Retrograde Transvenous Obliteration--A Primary Report
    Gwon DI, Ko GY, Yoon HK, Sung KB, Kim JH, Shin JH, Ko HK, Song HY. Radiology. 2013 Mar 12. [Epub ahead of print]


  22. L-ornithine-L-aspartate for Hepatic Encephalopathy in Patients with Cirrhosis: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
    Bai M, Yang Z, Qi X, Fan D, Han G. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013 Feb 21. doi: 10.1111/jgh.12142. [Epub ahead of print]


  23. Serum Endotoxin, Inflammatory mediators and Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy before and after treatment in patients with Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy
    Jain L, Sharma BC, Srivastava S, Puri SK, Sharma P, Sarin S. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013 Feb 21. doi: 10.1111/jgh.12160. [Epub ahead of print]


  24. Modulation of neural activation following treatment of hepatic encephalopathy
    McPhail MJ, Leech R, Grover VP, Fitzpatrick JA, Dhanjal NS, Crossey MM, Pflugrad H, Saxby BK, Wesnes K, Dresner MA, Waldman AD, Thomas HC, Taylor-Robinson SD. Neurology. 2013 Feb 20. [Epub ahead of print]


  25. Embolization of large spontaneous portosystemic shunts for refractory hepatic encephalopathy : A multi-center survey on safety & efficacy
    Laleman W, Simon-Talero M, Maleux G, Perez M, Ameloot K, Soriano G, Villalba J, Garcia-Pagan JC, Barrufet M, Jalan R, Brookes J, Thalassinos E, Burroughs AK, Cordoba J, Nevens F; on behalf of the EASL-CLIF-consortium. Hepatology. 2013 Feb 7. doi: 10.1002/hep.26314. [Epub ahead of print]


  26. The stroop smartphone APP is a short and valid method toscreen for minimal hepatic encephalopathy
    Bajaj JS, Thacker LR, Heuman DM, Fuchs M, Sterling RK, Sanyal AJ, Puri P, Siddiqui MS, Stravitz RT, Bouneva I, Luketic V, Noble N, White MB, Monteith P, Unser A, Wade JB. Hepatology. 2013 Feb 6. doi: 10.1002/hep.26309. [Epub ahead of print]


  27. Can the tyrosine kinase inhibitors trigger metabolic encephalopathy in cirrhotic patients?
    Brandi G, de Rosa F, Calzà L, Girolamo SD, Tufoni M, Ricci CS, Cirignotta F, Caraceni P, Biasco G. Liver Int. 2013 Mar;33(3):488-93. doi: 10.1111/liv.12102.


  28. Antibiotics for the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy
    Patidar KR, Bajaj JS. Metab Brain Dis. 2013 Feb 8. [Epub ahead of print]


  29. Acetyl-L-carnitine in hepatic encephalopathy
    Malaguarnera M. Metab Brain Dis. 2013 Feb 8. [Epub ahead of print]


  30. Role of branched chain amino acids in cerebral ammonia homeostasis related to hepatic encephalopathy
    Bak LK, Waagepetersen HS, Sørensen M, Ott P, Vilstrup H, Keiding S, Schousboe A. Metab Brain Dis. 2013 Jan 31. [Epub ahead of print]


  31. Altered effective connectivity network of the Basal Ganglia in low-grade hepatic encephalopathy: a resting-state FMRI study with granger causality analysis
    Qi R, Zhang LJ, Zhong J, Zhang Z, Ni L, Jiao Q, Liao W, Zheng G, Lu G. PLoS One. 2013;8(1):e53677. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053677. Epub 2013 Jan 11


  32. Melatonin levels in serum and ascitic fluid of patients with hepatic encephalopathy
    Chojnacki C, Romanowski M, Winczyk K, B?asiak J, Chojnacki J. Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2012;2012:510764. doi: 10.1155/2012/510764. Epub 2012 Dec 30.


  33. Gene expression profiling in the cerebral cortex of patients with cirrhosis with and without hepatic encephalopathy
    Görg B, Bidmon HJ, Häussinger D. Hepatology. 2013 Jan 16. doi: 10.1002/hep.26265. [Epub ahead of print]


  34. Erythromycin versus neomycin in the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhosis: a randomized double-blind study
    Romeiro FG, da Silva Yamashiro F, Américo MF, Corá LA, Silva GF, Miranda J, Caramori CA. BMC Gastroenterol. 2013 Jan 16;13:13. doi: 10.1186/1471-230X-13-13.


  35. Current pathogenetic aspects of hepatic encephalopathy and noncirrhotic hyperammonemic encephalopathy
    Cicho?-Lach H, Michalak A. World J Gastroenterol. 2013 Jan 7;19(1):26-34. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i1.26.


  36. Lack of Clostridium difficile Infection in Patients Treated With Rifaximin for Hepatic Encephalopathy: A Retrospective Analysis
    Neff GW, Jones M, Jonas M, Ravinuthala R, Novick D, Kaiser TE, Kemmer N. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2013 Feb;47(2):188-92. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0b013e318276be13.


  37. Pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy
    Cie?ko-Michalska I, Szczepanek M, S?owik A, Mach T. Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2012;2012:642108. doi: 10.1155/2012/642108. Epub 2012 Dec 17.


  38. Disrupted Functional Connectivity of the Anterior Cingulate Cortex in Cirrhotic Patients without Overt Hepatic Encephalopathy: A Resting State fMRI Study
    Zhang LJ, Qi R, Zhong J, Ni L, Zheng G, Xu J, Lu GM. PLoS One. 2013;8(1):e53206. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053206. Epub 2013 Jan 7.


  39. Clinical Manifestations and Treatment Options in Patients with Cirrhosis and Diabetes Mellitus
    Gundling F, Seidl H, Strassen I, Haller B, Siegmund T, Umgelter A, Pehl C, Schepp W, Schumm-Draeger PM. Digestion. 2013 Jan 10;87(2):75-84. [Epub ahead of print]


  40. The continuous reaction times method for diagnosing, grading, and monitoring minimal/covert hepatic encephalopathy.
    Metab Brain Dis. 2013 Jan 10. [Epub ahead of print] Lauridsen MM, Thiele M, Kimer N, Vilstrup H.


  41. Lactulose, rifaximin or branched chain amino acids for hepatic encephalopathy: what is the evidence?
    Gluud LL, Dam G, Borre M, Les I, Cordoba J, Marchesini G, Aagaard NK, Vilstrup H. Metab Brain Dis. 2012 Dec 29. [Epub ahead of print]


  42. Glutamine in the Pathogenesis of Hepatic Encephalopathy: The Trojan Horse Hypothesis Revisited
    Rama Rao KV, Norenberg MD. Neurochem Res. 2013 Jan 1. [Epub ahead of print]


  43. Comparison of the most favoured methods for the diagnosis of hepatic encephalopathy in liver transplantation candidates
    Goldbecker A, Weissenborn K, Hamidi Shahrezaei G, Afshar K, Rümke S, Barg-Hock H, Strassburg CP, Hecker H, Tryc AB. Gut. 2013 Jan 7. [Epub ahead of print]


  44. Depression, anxiety and alexithymia symptoms are major determinants of health related quality of life (HRQoL) in cirrhotic patients
    Nardelli S, Pentassuglio I, Pasquale C, Ridola L, Moscucci F, Merli M, Mina C, Marianetti M, Fratino M, Izzo C, Merkel C, Riggio O. Metab Brain Dis. 2013 Jan 8. [Epub ahead of print]


  45. How to diagnose hepatic encephalopathy in the emergency department
    Gundling F, Zelihic E, Seidl H, Haller B, Umgelter A, Schepp W, Dodt C. Ann Hepatol. 2013 Jan;12(1):108-14.


  46. Meta-analysis: the diagnostic accuracy of critical flicker frequency in minimal hepatic encephalopathy
    Torlot FJ, McPhail MJ, Taylor-Robinson SD. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2013 Jan 7. doi: 10.1111/apt.12199. [Epub ahead of print]


  47. Resting State Cortical Electroencephalographic Rhythms in Covert Hepatic Encephalopathy and Alzheimer's Disease
    Babiloni C, Vecchio F, Del Percio C, Montagnese S, Schiff S, Lizio R, Chini G, Serviddio G, Marzano N, Soricelli A, Frisoni GB, Rossini PM, Amodio P. J Alzheimers Dis. 2012 Dec 27. [Epub ahead of print]


  48. Increased Incidence of Orthopedic Fractures in Cirrhotic Patients: A Nationwide Population-Based Study
    Tsai CF, Liu CJ, Chen TJ, Chu CJ, Lin HC, Lee FY, Su TP, Lu CL. J Hepatol. 2012 Dec 10. pii: S0168-8278(12)00919-1. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2012.12.001. [Epub ahead of print]


  49. Prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy: Focusing on gut microbiota
    Garcovich M, Zocco MA, Roccarina D, Ponziani FR, Gasbarrini A. World J Gastroenterol. 2012 Dec 14;18(46):6693-700. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i46.6693.


  50. Changes in expression of the chloride homeostasis-regulating genes, KCC2 and NKCC1, in the blood of cirrhotic patients with hepatic encephalopathy
    Li JJ, Ji R, Shi YQ, Wang YY, Yang YL, Dou KF. Exp Ther Med. 2012 Dec;4(6):1075-1080. Epub 2012 Sep 24.


  51. Muscle depletion increases the risk of overt and minimal hepatic encephalopathy: results of a prospective study
    Merli M, Giusto M, Lucidi C, Giannelli V, Pentassuglio I, Di Gregorio V, Lattanzi B, Riggio O. Metab Brain Dis. 2012 Dec 7. [Epub ahead of print]


  52. Systemic inflammation and ammonia in hepatic encephalopathy
    Tranah TH, Vijay GK, Ryan JM, Shawcross DL. Metab Brain Dis. 2012 Dec 7. [Epub ahead of print]


  53. Cirrhosis-related Parkinsonism: prevalence, mechanisms and response to treatments
    Tryc AB, Goldbecker A, Berding G, Rümke S, Afshar K, Shahrezaei GH, Pflugrad H, Barg-Hock H, Strassburg CP, Hecker H, Weissenborn K. J Hepatol. 2012 Dec 5. pii: S0168-8278(12)00913-0. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2012.11.043. [Epub ahead of print]


  54. LONG-TERM ADMINISTRATION OF RIFAXIMIN IMPROVES THE PROGNOSIS OF PATIENTS WITH DECOMPENSATED ALCOHOLIC CIRRHOSIS
    Vlachogiannakos J, Viazis N, Vasianopoulou P, Vafiadis I, Karamanolis DG, Ladas SD. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2012 Dec 6. doi: 10.1111/jgh.12070. [Epub ahead of print]


  55. Assessing and treating hepatic encephalopathy in the older patient
    Stephens S, Nyman H, Shane-McWhorter L. Consult Pharm. 2012 Nov;27(11):797-802. doi: 10.4140/TCP.n.2012.797.


  56. Metformin Inhibits Glutaminase Activity and Protects against Hepatic Encephalopathy
    Ampuero J, Ranchal I, Nuñez D, Díaz-Herrero Mdel M, Maraver M, Del Campo JA, Rojas A, Camacho I, Figueruela B, Bautista JD, Romero-Gómez M. PLoS One. 2012;7(11):e49279. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049279. Epub 2012 Nov 15.


  57. Inflammatory cascades driven by tumor necrosis factor-alpha play a major role in the progression of acute liver failure and its neurological complications
    Chastre A, Bélanger M, Beauchesne E, Nguyen BN, Desjardins P, Butterworth RF. PLoS One. 2012;7(11):e49670. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049670. Epub 2012 Nov 15.


  58. Brain magnetic resonance spectroscopy in episodic hepatic encephalopathy
    Chavarria L, Alonso J, García-Martínez R, Simón-Talero M, Ventura-Cots M, Ramírez C, Torrens M, Vargas V, Rovira A, Córdoba J. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2012 Nov 21. doi: 10.1038/jcbfm.2012.173. [Epub ahead of print]


  59. Excessive daytime sleepiness and hepatic encephalopathy: it is worth asking
    De Rui M, Schiff S, Aprile D, Angeli P, Bombonato G, Bolognesi M, Sacerdoti D, Gatta A, Merkel C, Amodio P, Montagnese S. Metab Brain Dis. 2012 Nov 18. [Epub ahead of print]


  60. Pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy: lessons from nitrogen challenges in man
    Mardini H, Record C. Metab Brain Dis. 2012 Nov 23. [Epub ahead of print]


  61. Melatonin secretion and metabolism in patients with hepatic encephalopathy
    Chojnacki C, Wachowska-Kelly P, B?asiak J, Reiter RJ, Chojnacki J. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2012 Nov 28. doi: 10.1111/jgh.12055. [Epub ahead of print]


  62. Role of diabetes mellitus on hepatic encephalopathy
    Ampuero J, Ranchal I, Del Mar Díaz-Herrero M, Del Campo JA, Bautista JD, Romero-Gómez M. Metab Brain Dis. 2012 Nov 24. [Epub ahead of print]


  63. Does magnetic resonance spectroscopy identify patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy?
    Cie?ko-Michalska I, Dziedzic T, Bany? R, Senderecka M, Binder M, Wyczesany M, Szewczyk J, Wójcik J, S?owik A, Mach T. Neurol Neurochir Pol. 2012;46(5):436-442.


  64. Encephalopathy and liver transplantation
    Chavarria L, Cordoba J. Metab Brain Dis. 2012 Nov 16. [Epub ahead of print]


  65. Detection of carboxyhemoglobin in patients with hepatic encephalopathy due to hepatitis B virus-related cirrhosis
    Sun XY, Duan ZJ, Li YL, Chang QS. Chin Med J (Engl). 2012 Nov;125(22):3991-6.


  66. Role of Helicobacter pylori and hyperammonemia in subclinical hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhosis of liver
    Rekha C, Phanidhar S, Sagar AV, Revathi A, Asra WA. Indian J Clin Biochem. 2007 Sep;22(2):136-9. doi: 10.1007/BF02913332.


  67. Organic delirious states and other psychiatric disorders: lessons for the hepatologists
    Rosenberg R, Renvillard SG, Hjerrild S. Metab Brain Dis. 2012 Nov 6. [Epub ahead of print]


  68. Oxidative stress: a systemic factor implicated in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy
    Bosoi CR, Rose CF. Metab Brain Dis. 2012 Nov 6. [Epub ahead of print]


  69. Neurological complications post-liver transplantation: impact of nutritional status
    Bemeur C. Metab Brain Dis. 2012 Nov 6. [Epub ahead of print]


  70. A current review of the diagnostic and treatment strategies of hepatic encephalopathy
    Poh Z, Chang PE. Int J Hepatol. 2012;2012:480309. doi: 10.1155/2012/480309. Epub 2012 Oct 21.


  71. Treatment with a potassium-iron-phosphate-citrate complex improves PSE scores and quality of life in patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy: a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial
    Burkard T, Biedermann A, Herold C, Dietlein M, Rauch M, Diefenbach M. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2012 Oct 31. [Epub ahead of print]


  72. Correlation between interleukin-6 and ammonia in patients with overt hepatic encephalopathy due to cirrhosis
    Luo M, Li L, Yang EN, Dai CY, Liang SR, Cao WK. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol. 2012 Oct 16. pii: S2210-7401(12)00244-6. doi: 10.1016/j.clinre.2012.08.007. [Epub ahead of print]


  73. Combination Therapy for the Treatment and Prevention of Hepatic Encephalopathy (November)
    Mohammad RA, Regal RE, Alaniz C. Ann Pharmacother. 2012 Oct 23. [Epub ahead of print]


  74. Electrophysiological correlates of attentional processes in patients with liver cirrhosis without minimal or clinically-overt hepatic encephalopathy
    Ciecko-Michalska I, Binder M, Wyczesany M, Szewczyk J, Senderecka M, Wojcik J, Dziedzic T, Slowik A, Mach T. J Physiol Pharmacol. 2012 Sep;63(4):339-46.


  75. Preventive effect of N-acetyl-L-cysteine on oxidative stress and cognitive impairment in hepatic encephalopathy following bile duct ligation
    Dhanda S, Kaur S, Sandhir R. Free Radic Biol Med. 2012 Oct 5. pii: S0891-5849(12)01142-2. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.09.017. [Epub ahead of print]


  76. Brain Dysfunction Primarily Related to Previous Overt Hepatic Encephalopathy Compared with Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy: Resting-State Functional MR Imaging Demonstration
    Chen HJ, Jiao Y, Zhu XQ, Zhang HY, Liu JC, Wen S, Teng GJ. Radiology. 2012 Oct 9. [Epub ahead of print]


  77. Assessment and management of delirium: A focus on hepatic encephalopathy
    Coggins CC, Curtiss CP. Palliat Support Care. 2012 Oct 8:1-12. [Epub ahead of print]


  78. Multivariate analysis of hepatic encephalopathy occurrence in patients with liver failure
    [Article in Chinese] Pan C, Xu LJ, Zhou R, Zhou W, Huang JR. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi. 2012 Jun;20(6):434-7. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1007-3418.2012.06.011.


  79. Dynamic changes of intrinsic brain activity in cirrhotic patients after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt: a resting-state FMRI study
    Qi R, Zhang LJ, Zhong J, Wu S, Zhang Z, Zhong Y, Ni L, Zheng G, Jiao Q, Wu X, Fan X, Liu Y, Lu G. PLoS One. 2012;7(10):e46681. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046681. Epub 2012 Oct 2.


  80. Clinical manifestations of portal hypertension
    Al-Busafi SA, McNabb-Baltar J, Farag A, Hilzenrat N. Int J Hepatol. 2012;2012:203794. Epub 2012 Sep 17.


  81. Chronic hyperammonemia, glutamatergic neurotransmission and neurological alterations
    Llansola M, Montoliu C, Cauli O, Hernández-Rabaza V, Agustí A, Cabrera-Pastor A, Giménez-Garzó C, González-Usano A, Felipo V. Metab Brain Dis. 2012 Sep 26. [Epub ahead of print]


  82. T2* MRI of minimal hepatic encephalopathy and cognitive correlates in vivo
    Liu JY, Ding J, Lin D, He YF, Dai Z, Chen CZ, Cheng WZ, Wang H, Zhou J, Wang X. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2012 Sep 25. doi: 10.1002/jmri.23811. [Epub ahead of print]


  83. Liver Transplantation - A Vision Realized
    Dienstag JL, Cosimi AB. N Engl J Med. 2012 Sep 19. [Epub ahead of print]


  84. Psychometric tests for diagnosing minimal hepatic encephalopathy
    Weissenborn K. Metab Brain Dis. 2012 Sep 21. [Epub ahead of print]


  85. The clinical course of alcoholic cirrhosis: effects of hepatic metabolic capacity, alcohol consumption, and hyponatremia -- a historical cohort study
    Jepsen P, Ott P, Andersen PK, Vilstrup H. BMC Res Notes. 2012 Sep 18;5(1):509. [Epub ahead of print]


  86. Rifaximin therapy and hepatic encephalopathy: Pros and cons
    Zullo A, Hassan C, Ridola L, Lorenzetti R, Campo SM, Riggio O. World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther. 2012 Aug 6;3(4):62-7.


  87. Factors that affect deceased donor liver transplantation rates in the United States in addition to model for end stage liver disease score
    Sharma P, Schaubel DE, Messersmith EE, Guidinger MK, Merion RM. Liver Transpl. 2012 Sep 11. doi: 10.1002/lt.23548. [Epub ahead of print]


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  308. Improving detection of Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy Using the Inhibitory Control Task.
    Amodio P, Ridola L, Schiff S, Montagnese S, Pasquale C, Nardelli S, Pentassuglio I, Trezza M, Marzano C, Flaiban C, Angeli P, Cona G, Bisiacchi P, Gatta A, Riggio O. Gastroenterology. 2010 May 11. [Epub ahead of print]


  309. Development of a three-factor neuropsychological approach for detecting minimal hepatic encephalopathy
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